For centuries, people have debated over what art is. Many claim that the term is difficult to define, but most agree that it includes a broad range of human activities, creations and ways of expression such as music, literature, film, sculpture and paintings. Art, some argue, reflects the full complexity of human experience and world view.
Some think that a key aspect of art is its ability to stimulate a sense of mystery in the viewer. Others point to its role as a medium through which the imagination can be expressed in non-grammatical ways that are not bound by strict semantic constraints. Still others consider it a means of communication between artists and audiences, and even as an expression of cultural values and identity.
In the simplest form, an artwork can be defined as any product of the human creative process that appeals to our senses or emotions. It encompasses a wide range of human activities, creations and ways to express ourselves through peaceful means such as music, film, literature and sculpture. It is considered a form of cultural expression in its broadest sense, and is explored in the field of philosophy known as aesthetics.
Often, the first step in understanding an artwork is to consider its physical composition. The materials, technique and style of the piece – how it was created, how it looks now and how it might have looked when it was originally made – all feed into its overall feel and meaning. For example, is the work rough and quick or slick and neat? How was it created – by hand or with a machine? How does it fit into a particular artistic style or movement?
It is also important to consider the broader context of an artwork, including its creator and audience. This can be gleaned from the title of the work, the name of the artist and any other relevant information such as the date it was created or when the artist died. In addition to this, there is often much to be learned from the way an artist exhibited their work.
For example, does the artist use a range of visual devices to explore balance and harmony (i.e. symmetrical, asymmetrical, radial)? Do they impose structure on their works through use of framing or patterned edging?
Another thing to consider is whether or not the work evokes an instinctual response in its viewers, such as being informed, shocking or threatening (i.e. dangerous or asymmetrical elements; images of faces; motion). Using tools such as leap map tracking, it has been shown that certain elements will capture our attention more than others, regardless of how they are positioned or what the subject matter is. This is a form of aesthetics that has been termed “mimetic resonance.”